Nationalism in Education: Redesigning the Effectiveness of Thematic E-Books in Virtual Learning to Grow Student Nationalism in Indonesia

Concerns about nationalism among students have been raised in the Indonesian curriculum. On the contrary, Covid-19 brings a lot of challenges to educational institutions to reform nationalism at school. As a result, the thematic nationalism curriculum, which is dependent on in-person classes, should be adapted to virtual learning processes. This study attempted to examine the effectiveness of e-books in promoting nationalist values during virtual learning. It employed a quasi-experimental design. All subjects were split into two groups: experimental and control. The Study revealed that e-book usage promotes a higher result in students understanding of nationalist values. Besides, the e-book also assists students to improve their understanding through engaging and accessible reading. Furthermore, virtual learning by e-books or hardcopy books, cannot promote respect for cultural diversity since it needs more practice and learning process. On the other hand, e-book usage follows the need to reform online learning methods during the pandemic Furthermore, the e-book helps students improve their comprehension through engaging and accessible reading. © 2023, Auricle Global Society of Education and Research. All rights reserved.

Hematology profile analysis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.

Objectives: Some hematological parameters were reported as markers to assess severity of COVID-19 patients. Comorbidities were risk factors for severe COVID-19. Differences in hematology profile based on severity and comorbidity, and correlation between hematology profile and Ct value were never studied at Makassar, Indonesia. The aim of this study were to know the differences of hematology profile based on severity and comorbidity, and the correlation between hematology profile and Ct value in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This study was retrospective, cross-sectional of confirmed COVID-19 patients who had been hospitalized at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital, Makassar, since June to August 2020. Hematology profile, Ct value, comorbidity, and severity of COVID-19 patients were obtained from Hospital Information System Data. Results: From 217 patients, subjects were 102 (47%) male dan 115 (53%) female, 127 mild-moderate patients (58.5%) and 90 severe patients (41.5%), 143 patients (65%) without comorbidity, 74 patients (35%) with comorbidity. White blood cells (WBC), red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil and monocyte count, and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly higher in severe patients than mild-moderate patients (p<0.05), besides RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocyte and thrombocyte count were significantly lower in severe patients than mild-moderate patients (p<0.05). Hematology profile was not different significantly based on comorbidity and was not correlated significantly with Ct value, except eosinophil count (r=0.161; p=0.018). Conclusions: We suggest that hematology profile could predict the severity of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, eosinophil count could be considered to predict the infectivity of patient with COVID-19.

Análisis del perfil hematológico de los pacientes con la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)

Se han propuesto varios parámetros hematológicos como marcadores de gravedad de la COVID-19. Aún no se han realizado estudios en Makassar (Indonesia), para evaluar potenciales diferencias en el perfil hematológico de los pacientes según la gravedad de la enfermedad y las comorbilidades que presentan. Así mismo, tampoco se ha estudiado la correlación entre perfil hematológico y umbral de número de ciclos (Ct). El objetivo de este estudio es investigar posibles diferencias en el perfil hematológico de los pacientes con COVID-19 según la gravedad de la enfermedad y sus comorbilidades, así como determinar la posible correlación entre el perfil hematológico y el Ct en estos pacientes. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo transversal de pacientes con COVID-19 hospitalizados en el hospital del Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo en Makassar entre junio y agosto de 2020. Los datos sobre el perfil hematológico, niveles de Ct, comorbilidades y gravedad de la COVID-19 se extrajeron de la base de datos del hospital. De los 217 pacientes, 102 (47%) eran hombres, frente a 115 (53%) mujeres. El número de pacientes con enfermedad leve o moderada fue de 127 (58.5%) mientras que 90 pacientes presentaban enfermedad grave (41.5%). En total, 143 pacientes (65%) no tenían comorbilidades, mientras que 74 pacientes (35%) sí las tenían. La amplitud de la distribución eritrocitaria, el recuento leucocitario, neutrófilos y monocitos, y la relación neutrófilos-linfocitos fueron significativamente superiores en los pacientes con enfermedad grave que en los que presentaban enfermedad leve o moderada (p<0,05). Así mismo, los pacientes graves presentaron un recuento de glóbulos rojos, hemoglobina, hematocrito, linfocitos y trombocitos significativamente inferior al de los pacientes con enfermedad leve o moderada. No se observaron diferencias significativas en el perfil hematológico según las comorbilidades, ni correlación alguna entre este y los niveles de Ct, excepto para el recuento de eosinófilos (r=0,161;p=0,018). Nuestra hipótesis era que el perfil hematológico podría predecir la gravedad de la enfermedad en pacientes con COVID-19. Además, el recuento de eosinófilos debería tenerse en cuenta a la hora de predecir la infectividad de un paciente con COVID-19.

Hematology profile analysis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.

Objectives: Some hematological parameters were reported as markers to assess severity of COVID-19 patients. Comorbidities were risk factors for severe COVID-19. Differences in hematology profile based on severity and comorbidity, and correlation between hematology profile and Ct value were never studied at Makassar, Indonesia. The aim of this study were to know the differences of hematology profile based on severity and comorbidity, and the correlation between hematology profile and Ct value in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This study was retrospective, cross-sectional of confirmed COVID-19 patients who had been hospitalized at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital, Makassar, since June to August 2020. Hematology profile, Ct value, comorbidity, and severity of COVID-19 patients were obtained from Hospital Information System Data. Results: From 217 patients, subjects were 102 (47%) male dan 115 (53%) female, 127 mild-moderate patients (58.5%) and 90 severe patients (41.5%), 143 patients (65%) without comorbidity, 74 patients (35%) with comorbidity. White blood cells (WBC), red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil and monocyte count, and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly higher in severe patients than mild-moderate patients (p<0.05), besides RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocyte and thrombocyte count were significantly lower in severe patients than mild-moderate patients (p<0.05). Hematology profile was not different significantly based on comorbidity and was not correlated significantly with Ct value, except eosinophil count (r=0.161; p=0.018). Conclusions: We suggest that hematology profile could predict the severity of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, eosinophil count could be considered to predict the infectivity of patient with COVID-19.

Reviewing the handling of COVID-19 in Indonesia in the perspective of The Pancasila Element Theory (TEP)

The purpose of this research was to review the handling of COVID-19 in Indonesia using the Pancasila Element Theory (TEP). The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative. Data collection methods used in this research were documentation and literature studies. Based on the Pancasila Element Theory, the handling of COVID-19 in Indonesia can be viewed from the problems, thoughts, ideas, acceptance, agreement, truth, and peace. The results of this research indicated that COVID-19 with its characteristics was a problem that encouraged the emergence of thoughts from competent people. From that thought various ideas were born in the form of appeals and regulations issued by the Government. However, citizen acceptance of the Government's efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia was very low. This happened because of a disagreement between the Government and its citizens in viewing COVID-19. If so, it is impossible for the handling of COVID-19 in Indonesia to be done properly. This means that the handling of COVID-19 in Indonesia contains problems, so it is impossible to achieve peace. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meninjau penanganan COVID-19 di Indonesia dengan menggunakan Teori Elemen Pancasila (TEP). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi dokumentasi dan literatur. Berdasarkan Teori Elemen Pancasila penanganan COVID-19 di Indonesia dapat ditinjau dari permasalahan pemikiran gagasan penerimaan kesepakatan kebenaran dan kedamaian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa COVID-19 dengan karakteristiknya merupakan permasalahan yang mendorong munculnya pemikiran dari orang-orang kompeten. Dari pemikiran itu lahirlah berbagai gagasan dalam bentuk himbauan dan aturan yang dikeluarkan Pemerintah. Tetapi rendah sekali penerimaan warga terhadap usaha Pemerintah dalam mencegah penyebaran COVID-19 di Indonesia. Hal itu terjadi karena adanya ketidaksepakatan antara Pemerintah dengan warganya dalam memandang COVID-19. Kalau begitu tidak mungkin penanganan COVID-19 di Indonesia bisa dilakukan dengan benar. Berarti penanganan COVID-19 di Indonesia mengandung permasalahan sehingga tidak mungkin tercapai kedamaian.